The Israel Antitrust Authority (IAA) is an independent government enforcement agency established in 1994 under an amendment to the Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 5748-1988 (Antitrust Law) . The IAA is mandated to prevent market power through merger control and anti-cartel enforcement, to restrain abuse by dominant firms of their positions and to preserve competition in the various markets. It is thus vested with powers to initiate civil and criminal proceedings and also has the power to order monopolies not to act in a manner which constitutes abuse of dominant position. While the IAA has an important enforcement function, the Antitrust Law also provides for any person to independently seek a remedy from the Court.

An Antitrust Tribunal, sitting with the District Court in Jerusalem, has exclusive jurisdiction over non-criminal governmental antitrust proceedings. Interim orders and final decisions of the tribunal are appealable to the Supreme Court, the highest judicial authority in Israel. The District Court of Jerusalem has exclusive jurisdiction over criminal antitrust matters. The Court’s decisions are appealable to the Supreme Court as well.